Microbiology

   

                     ✅Jawetz Melnick & Adelbergs Medical microbiology                                                                      

       

Considered as a single best resource for microbiology and immunology by students, teachers and health care professionals all around the world. Fundamental concepts of organisms and their role in disease, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology are explained. Case studies with differential diagnosis and algorithm of lad diagnosis are provided. All the latest techniques and updates are done in newer editions.

✅Ananthnarayan & Paniker’s Microbiology

                                                       

       

One of the trusted books in microbiology that has concepts integrated with a system-wise approach. Essential concepts are given more preference and various flowcharts, tables, and pictures make students oriented. National programs related to respective topics are added with prevention and control protocols. Concepts are explained in a systematic way.

        

                        ✅Apurba Sastry – Essentials of Microbiology                                                                         

       

A comprehensive and precise explanation of topics in microbiology. Explained in a point-wise manner that makes the information retainable and reproducible in exams. Numerous images, flow charts, and tables make understanding easy for students. Detailed explanations of all the important topics are explained which help students in preparation for entrance exams.

✅Lippincott’s Microbiology 

                                                    

       

Emphasis on clinically important microbiological concepts with a summary of important bacteria. Various case studies are explained for integration and to apply the concept in real case scenarios. This book focuses more on clinical aspects and ensures students learn the basic concept of diagnosis and investigation. Self-assessment questions and other formats of questions are provided in each chapter to aid in quick revision.

✅Medical Parasitology – Apurba Sastry

                                                       

       

More content is precisely explained in a point-wise manner with flowcharts and illustrations. Real images and schematic diagrams of the life cycle make understanding easy. Explained in simple and lucid language. The summary of each chapter is added for quick revision. Multiple choice questions are given to make students oriented to the entrance pattern examination.

✅Paniker’s textbook of Parasitology  

                                                     

       

Comprehensive parasitology book by Paniker written in a systematic format to make students interested and to get the proper orientation of the subject. Different clinical aspects, diagnosis and prophylaxis protocols are explained well. Explained in a point-wise manner which makes concepts remembering easy. New photographs and tables are included in the new edition.

So what is

microbiology? Microbiology: is the study

of microscopic organisms such as:

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. most of these microorganisms are beneficial

to us. In humans we have normal

microbiota that helps in digestion. In

plants the bacteria is responsible for

nitrogen fixation and in animals it

helps in cellulose digestion. Also these

microorganisms are used in industries.

Generally we divide the organisms these

bacteria viruses and fungi according to

their characteristics.

So in bacteria we use Gram stain either:

positive or negative to categorize them.

In viruses we depend on their genome:

DNA or RNA, whether it's single stranded or double stranded to categorize them.

In fungi they're either divided into: molds

which is multicellular, or yeasts which are unicellular.

We also have the hierarchy of classification we used to

put each organism including us humans

into its category "we took it in high

school if you remember". So from highest

to lowest it's: domain > kingdom > phylum >

class > order > family > genus > and species. You

can use this mnemonic to help you

remember

Dina's kids prefer candy over fried

green spinach. Spinach is pretty

underrated by the way  00:01:48,570

from the top we have three domains on

this planet bacteria, archaea and Eukarya.

Both bacteria and archaea are considered

as prokaryotes whereas Eukarya are

considered as eukaryotes. The main

differences between prokaryotes and

eukaryotes are absence of cytoplasmic

structures such as mitochondria Golgi

apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum in

prokaryotes, and then we have absence of

cell wall in eukaryotes except for fungi

and plants also they differ in the

structure of the ribosomes.

After that we go to the kingdom both

bacteria and archaea have only one

single kingdom which are bacteria and

archaea, respectively. And then we have

the eukarya and it has four kingdoms:

protists, fungi, plants, and animals. And

then we continue the classification like

this like we mentioned before phylum

class order family genus and then species.

For now we will focus on bacteria how do

we name them basic structures in gram

staining. Any bacteria's name is composed

of two words: the first one refers to the

name of the genus, and the second one

refers to the species name. We'll take

Staphylococcus aureus as an example. So Staphylococcus is the genus and aureus

is species. Also the name of the

microorganism might refer to its shape.

Like an our example staphylo means a

bunch of grapes or a cluster and coccus

means round cells aureus means it looks

like gold in color when we culture. Other

than cocci the round cells we have: rods

or bacilli, and then we have spirochete:

which are curved, and then we have diplococci which is basically two cocci or

basically two round cells, and then we

have cocco-bacilli which is a mixture of

both a rod and a round cell, and then we

have vibrios which is a curved rod, then

we have streptococci

which are cocci in chains, and then we

have the staphylococci like we mentioned

in our example which are large cocci in

irregular clusters, and then we have

tetrads which are cocci in a packet of

four from the name tetrads tetra which

means four. Now we're going to discuss

the bacterial architecture. Since

bacteria are considered as cells that

means they have: genetic material, a cell

membrane, and a cytoplasm. In addition to

that they have a cell wall, a flagella

which is used for locomotion, and then we

have pili which is used for

attachment, and then we have plasmid

which is an extra chromosome of genetic

material so it's not part of the DNA, and

then we have a glycocalyx which is used

for protection. The glycocalyx can be

either capsule which is neatly organized

and protects the bacterium from

phagocytes, or biofilm which is an

unorganized loose

structure yet important for attachment.

But here also have porins these porins

are transmembrane proteins that

selectively allow some molecules to pass

the cytosol of the bacteria. Porins can

mediate antibiotic resistance by

inhibiting some antibiotics from

entering the bacteria. They also have

Mesosomes that are equivalent to mitochondria in eukaryotes. Remember bacteria

doesn't have mitochondria so they have

Mesosomes instead bacteria depend on

these Mesosomes for respiration. Mesosomes  are formed by the invaginations of

a plasma membrane into the cytosol.

Generally speaking this is how a bacterium

looks like; however, each bacterium has

its special characteristics that

distinguish it from the rest. Now move on

to gram staining. In gram staining we can

classify bacteria into either gram

positive or gram negative and that

depends on the cell wall constituents

and its ability to react with the Gram

stain. To classify them gram positive

react with the stain and give blue color,

while gram negative react with the stain

and give red or pink color. If we look at

the membranes of both gram-positive and

gram-negative bacteria, from the inner

layer, we see that both of them have

plasma membrane; however, on the outside

the differences start appear. In gram

positive it has a thick peptidoglycan

layer. This layer has two techoic and

lipotechoic acids. In gram negative

bacteria and outer to the plasma

membrane we have: thin layer of

peptidoglycan, and then we have outer

membrane composed of phospholipids that

has trans-proteins and lipoproteins

embedded into it and the last layer in

gram-negative bacteria is a polysaccharide. The lipopolysaccharide

layer is composed of three structures: o-antigen, core polysaccharide, lipid A,

which is also known as endotoxin. So we

can conclude that the endotoxins are

only present in gram-negative bacteria.

These endotoxins are antigenic which

means they can elicit an immune response

causing some symptoms of: fever, weakness,

aches, or shock to the patient.

So that's it for the intro hope you enjoyed!

Please give us your feedback so you can improve in the next videos.

And don't forget to like and subscribe to get our latest new videos and explanations!

microbiology pdf

microbiology pdf download

microbiology pdf book

microbiology pdf notes

microbiology pdf for nurses

microbiology pdf free download

microbiology pdf textbook

microbiology pdf mbbs

microbiology pdf cp baveja

microbiology pdf ananthanarayan

microbiology ananthanarayan pdf 10th edition

microbiology atlas pdf

microbiology atlas pdf free download

microbiology articles pdf

microbiology ananthanarayan pdf 9th edition

microbiology apurba pdf

microbiology agriculture pdf

microbiology pdf books free download

microbiology pdf book download

microbiology pdf baveja

microbiology pdf by prescott

microbiology books pdf for mbbs

microbiology baveja pdf download

microbiology basics pdf

microbiology pdf carter center

microbiology chakraborty pdf

microbiology courses pdf

microbiology cv pdf

microbiology chandrakant pdf

microbiology classification pdf

microbiology cases pdf

microbiology pdf drive

microbiology definition pdf

microbiology dictionary pdf

microbiology demystified pdf

microbiology dummies pdf

microbiology delost pdf

microbiology pdf ethiopia

microbiology pdf ephti

microbiology ebook pdf

microbiology equipment pdf

microbiology exam pdf

microbiology experiments pdf

microbiology encyclopedia pdf

microbiology ebook pdf free download

microbiology pdf free

microbiology pdf for mlt

microbiology flashcards pdf

microbiology filetype pdf

microbiology fundamentals pdf

microbiology fungi pdf

microbiology pdf google drive

microbiology glossary pdf

microbiology greenwood pdf

microbiology guide pdf

microbiology genetics pdf

pelczar microbiology pdf google drive

baveja microbiology pdf google drive

ananthanarayan microbiology pdf google drive

microbiology history pdf

microbiology handbook pdf

microbiology hindi pdf

microbiology harvey pdf

microbiology hiv pdf

microbiology mcgraw hill pdf

microbiology richard harvey pdf

clinical microbiology handbook pdf

microbiology pdf in hindi

microbiology introduction pdf

microbiology images pdf

microbiology immunology pdf

microbiology in pdf

microbiology immunity pdf

microbiology industrial pdf

microbiology an introduction pdf online

microbiology journal pdf

microbiology jawetz pdf

microbiology jawetz pdf free download

microbiology jobs pdf

microbiology nk jain pdf

food microbiology journal pdf

medical microbiology jaypee pdf

food microbiology jay pdf

microbiology kaplan pdf

microbiology krok pdf

microbiology kokare pdf

microbiology surinder kumar pdf

medical microbiology kayser pdf

diagnostic microbiology koneman pdf

koneman microbiology pdf

kokare microbiology pdf free download

microbiology pdf lecture notes

microbiology laboratory pdf

microbiology levinson pdf

microbiology lange pdf

microbiology lecture pdf

microbiology lessons pdf

microbiology leboffe pdf

microbiology labs pdf

microbiology pdf mahon

microbiology mcq pdf

microbiology mnemonics pdf

microbiology mcq pdf free download

microbiology murray pdf

microbiology mnemonics pdf download

microbiology medical pdf

microbiology notes pdf free download

microbiology nagoba pdf

microbiology notes pdf bsc

microbiology nursing pdf

microbiology ncert pdf

microbiology nagoba pdf free download

microbiology notes pdf mbbs

microbiology openstax pdf

microbiology overview pdf

microbiology online pdf

microbiology book pdf of ananthanarayan

prescott's microbiology pdf online

levinson microbiology pdf online

baveja microbiology pdf online

microbiology pdf prescott

microbiology pelczar pdf

microbiology projects pdf

microbiology paniker pdf

microbiology parasitology pdf

microbiology practical pdf

microbiology prescott pdf download

microbiology pretest pdf

microbiology pdf questions

microbiology quickstudy pdf

microbiology questions pdf download

microbiology quinn pdf

microbiology quizlet pdf

cp baveja microbiology pdf quora

microbiology viva questions pdf

usmle microbiology questions pdf

microbiology review pdf

microbiology references pdf

microbiology recall pdf

microbiology report pdf

microbiology recall pdf free download

microbiology rodriguez pdf

microbiology research pdf

microbiology resume pdf

microbiology pdf slideshare

microbiology syllabus pdf

microbiology shastri pdf

microbiology summary pdf

microbiology sop pdf

microbiology slides pdf

microbiology sterilization pdf

microbiology sketchy pdf

microbiology pdf tortora

microbiology textbook pdf by pelczar

microbiology terminology pdf

microbiology techniques pdf

microbiology textbook pdf free download

microbiology thesis pdf

microbiology textbook pdf baveja

microbiology usmle pdf

understanding microbiology pdf

uti microbiology pdf

uworld microbiology pdf

microbiology pdf vk

microbiology virology pdf

microbiology veterinary pdf

microbiology vasanthakumari pdf

microbiology viva pdf

microbiology vocabulary pdf

microbiology virus pdf download

vasanthakumari microbiology pdf free download

microbiology wessner pdf

microbiology worksheet pdf

microbiology workbook pdf

microbiology wiley pdf

microbiology water pdf

industrial microbiology waites pdf

microbiology dave wessner pdf

microbiology of wounds pdf

microbiology high yield pdf

microbiology first year pdf

microbiology gnm 1st year pdf

microbiology bds 2nd year pdf

microbiology bds 2nd year pdf download

yeast microbiology pdf

microbiology zinsser pdf

microbiology terms a-z pdf

zinsser microbiology pdf free download

microbiology pdf download free

prescott microbiology pdf download

baveja microbiology pdf download

pelczar microbiology pdf download

ananthanarayan microbiology pdf download

microbiology textbook pdf download

levinson microbiology pdf download

air microbiology pdf download

ananthanarayan microbiology pdf download free

agricultural microbiology pdf free download

apurba sastry microbiology pdf download free

arora microbiology pdf free download

applied microbiology pdf free download

alcamo microbiology pdf free download

microbiology free pdf book download

medical microbiology pdf books download

brock microbiology pdf download

buster microbiology pdf download free

brs microbiology pdf download

burton's microbiology pdf download