1. A. Preoperative evaluation
The first step in performing any surgical procedure is to determine if the patient is a candidate for the operation. In order to do this, preoperative evaluation is necessary. On the day before surgery, a physical examination should be performed. It includes temperature checks, blood pressure checks, pulse rate checks, urine tests, and electrocardiograms (EKGs). An EKG may be used to check the heart’s electrical activity and rhythm. If the patient has diabetes, he/she should have his/her sugar levels checked prior to surgery. All these tests help doctors to identify any disease conditions that could affect the outcome of the surgery.
2. B. Intraoperative Evaluation
During the intraoperative period, the surgeon performs a second physical examination while the patient is under anesthesia. He/she notes the condition of the body parts involved and assesses the adequacy of the anesthesia. When taking out bone-related implants, the surgeon evaluates whether they are loose or tight. The surgeon also examines the wound and its depth and shape to know how much time will be needed to heal.
3. C. Postoperative Evaluation
After surgery, the patient receives postoperative care. The physician monitors him/her closely, particularly after major surgeries. After minor operations, the patient recovers at home.
4. D. Follow-up visits
Follow-up visits are scheduled after surgery. These are usually done once a week. Patients who had undergone major surgeries need follow-up visits more frequently than those having minor ones.
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